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CONTENTS
Volume 28, Number 2, February 2019
 


Abstract
The yaw and interference effects of blades affect aerodynamic performance of large wind turbine system significantly, thus influencing wind-induced response and stability performance of the tower-blade system. In this study, the 5MW wind turbine which was developed by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) was chosen as the research object. Large eddy simulation on flow field and aerodynamics of its wind turbine system with different yaw angles (0, 5, 10,20, 30 and 45) under the most unfavorable blade position was carried out. Results were compared with codes and measurement results at home and abroad, which verified validity of large eddy simulation. On this basis, effects of yaw angle on average wind pressure, fluctuating wind pressure, lift coefficient, resistance coefficient, streaming and wake characteristics on different interference zone of tower of wind turbine were analyzed. Next, the blade-cabin-tower-foundation integrated coupling model of the large wind turbine was constructed based on finite element method. Dynamic characteristics, wind-induced response and stability performance of the wind turbine structural system under different yaw angle were analyzed systematically. Research results demonstrate that with the increase of yaw angle, the maximum negative pressure and extreme negative pressure of the significant interference zone of the tower present a V-shaped variation trend, whereas the layer resistance coefficient increases gradually. By contrast, the maximum negative pressure, extreme negative pressure and layer resistance coefficient of the non-interference zone remain basically same. Effects of streaming and wake weaken gradually. When the yaw angle increases to 45, aerodynamic force of the tower is close with that when there\' s no blade yaw and interference. As the height of significant interference zone increases, layer resistance coefficient decreases firstly and then increases under different yaw angles. Maximum means and mean square error (MSE) of radial displacement under different yaw angles all occur at circumferential 0 and 180 of the tower. The maximum bending moment at tower bottom is at circumferential 20. When the yaw angle is 0, the maximum downwind displacement responses of different blades are higher than 2.7 m. With the increase of yaw angle, MSEs of radial displacement at tower top, downwind displacement of blades, internal force at blade roots all decrease gradually, while the critical wind speed decreases firstly and then increases and finally decreases. The comprehensive analysis shows that the worst aerodynamic performance and wind-induced response of the wind turbine system are achieved when the yaw angle is 0, whereas the worst stability performance and ultimate bearing capacity are achieved when the yaw angle is 45.

Key Words
large wind turbine system; large eddy simulation; yaw effect, aerodynamic performance; wind-induced response, stability performance

Address
S.T. Ke: Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
X.H. Wang: Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Y.J. Ge: State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China


Abstract
The non-linear equations governing wind-induced internal pressures for a two-compartment building with background leakage are linearized based on some reasonable assumptions. The explicit admittance functions for both building compartments are derived, and the equivalent damping coefficients of the coupling internal pressure system are iteratively obtained. The RMS values of the internal pressure coefficients calculated from the non-linear equations and linearized equations are compared. Results indicate that the linearized equations generally have good calculation precision when the porosity ratio is less than 20%. Parameters are analyzed on the explicit admittance functions. Results show that the peaks of the internal pressure in the compartment without an external opening (Compartment 2) are higher than that in the compartment with an external opening (Compartment 1) at lower Helmholtz frequency. By contrast, the resonance peak of the internal pressure in compartment 2 is lower than that in compartment 1 at higher Helmholtz frequencies.

Key Words
internal pressure; governing equation; linearization; background leakage; admittance function

Address
Xianfeng Yu: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Ming Gu: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Zhuangning Xie: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China


Abstract
Vortex-Induced-Vibration (VIV) is one kind of the wind-induced vibrations, which may occur in the construction and operation period of bridges. This phenomenon can bring negative effects to the traffic safety or can cause bridge fatigue damage and should be eliminated or controlled within safe amplitudes. In the current VIV studies, one available mitigation countermeasure, the horizontal flow-isolating plate, shows satisfactory performance particularly in PI shaped bridge deck type. Details of the wind tunnel test are firstly presented to give an overall description of this appendage and its control effect. Then, the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) method is introduced to investigate the control mechanism, using two-dimensional Large-Eddy-Simulation to reproduce the VIV process. The Reynolds number of the cases involved in this paper ranges from 1X10 to 3X10 using the width of bridge deck as reference length. A field-filter technique and detailed analysis on wall pressure are used to give an intuitive demonstration of the changes brought by the horizontal flow-isolating plate. Results show that this aerodynamic appendage is equally effective in suppressing vertical and torsional VIV, indicating inspiring application prospect in similar PI shaped bridge decks.

Key Words
vortex-induced-vibration; bridge; aerodynamic control; PI shaped deck

Address
Ke Li and Jin Di: Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University),
Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China, 400045;
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, 400045
Guowei Qian: Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
Yaojun Ge and Lin Zhao: State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China


Abstract
In this paper an octagon plan shaped building (study building) in presence of three square plan shaped building is subjected to boundary layer wind flow and the interference effects on the study building is investigated using Computational fluid dynamics. The variation of the pressure coefficients on different faces of the octagon building is studied both in isolated and interference conditions. Interference Factors (IF) are calculated for different faces of the study building which can be a powerful tool for designing similar plan shaped buildings in similar conditions. A metamodel of the IF, in terms of the distances among buildings is also established using Response Surface Method (RSM). This set of equations are optimized to get the optimum values of the distances where the IF is unity. An upstream Interference zone for this building setup and wind environment is established from these data. Uncertainty principle is also utilised to determine the optimum positions of the interfering buildings considering the uncertain nature of wind flow for minimum interference effect. The proposed procedure is observed to be computationally efficient in deciding optimum layout at buildings often required in city planning. The results show that the proposed RSM-based optimization approach captures the interference zone accurately with substantially less number of experiments.

Key Words
computational fluid dynamics; interference factor; interference zone; optimization; pressure coefficient; response surface method; tall building

Address
Rony Kar, Sujit Kumar Dalui and Soumya Bhattacharjya: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah – 711103, India

Abstract
Accurately simulating the wind field of large-scale region, for instant urban areas, the locations of large span bridges, wind farms and so on, is very difficult, due to the complicated terrains or land surfaces. Currently, the regional wind field can be simulated through the combination of observation data and numerical model using observation-nudging in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). However, the main drawback of original observation-nudging method in WRF is the effects of observation on the surrounding field is fully mathematical express in terms of temporal and spatial, and it ignores the effects of terrain, wind direction and atmospheric circulation, while these are physically unreasonable for the turbulence. For these reasons, a spatial correlation-based observation-nudging method, which can take account the influence of complicated terrain, is proposed in the paper. The validation and comparation results show that proposed method can obtain more reasonable and accurate result than original observation-nudging method. Finally, the discussion of wind field along bridge span obtained from the simulation with spatial correlation-based observation-nudging method was carried out.

Key Words
wind field; complex terrain; spatial correlation-based WRF observation-nudging method; long-span bridges; wind heterogeneous distribution character; local wind environment

Address
Hehe Ren, Shujin Laima, Wen-Li Chen, Anxin Guo and Hui Li:Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation for Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information,
Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China;
Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China;
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China



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