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CONTENTS
Volume 37, Number 1, October10 2020
 


Abstract
Composite beams with corrugated steel webs represent a new innovative system which has emerged in the past decade for medium span in the construction technology. The use of composite beams with corrugated steel webs results in a range of benefits, including flexible spaces and reduced foundation costs in the construction technology. The thin corrugated web affords a significant weight reduction of these beams, compared with hot-rolled or welded ones. In the current research, an optimal designed I-girder beam with corrugated web has been proposed to improve the structural performance of continuous composite girder under bending moment. The experimental program has been conducted for six simply supported composite beams with different loading conditions. The tested specimens are designed by using one of the stochastic techniques called hunting search algorithm. In the optimization process, besides the thickness of concrete slab and studs, corrugated web properties are considered as design variables. The design constraints are respectively implemented from Eurocode 3, BS-8110 and DIN 18-800 Teil-1. The last part of the study focuses on performing a numerical study on composite beams by utilizing finite element analysis and the bending behavior of steel girders with corrugated webs experimentally and numerically verified the results. A nonlinear analysis was carried out using the finite element software ANSYS on the composite beams which were modelled using the elements ten-node high order quadrilateral type.

Key Words
composite structures; corrugated web beams; load carrying capacity; structural optimization; failure modes of beams; finite element analysis

Address
Ferhat Erdal and Ramazan Ozcelik: Department of Civil Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Osman Tunca: Department of Civil Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey

Abstract
The top-and-seat angles with double web angles are commonly used in the design of beam-to-column joints in Asian and North American countries. The seismic behavior analysis of these joints with large cross-section size of beam and column (often connected by four or more bolts) is a challenge due to the effects from the relatively larger size of stiffened angles and the composite action from the adjacent concrete slab. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the seismic performance of exterior composite beam-to-column joints with stiffened angles under cyclic loading. Four full-scale composite joints with different configuration (only one specimen contain top angle in concrete slab) were designed and tested. The joint specimens were designed by considering the effects of top angles, longitudinal reinforcement bars and arrangement of bolts. The behavior of the joints was carefully investigated, in terms of the failure modes, slippage, backbone curves, strength degradation, and energy dissipation abilities. It was found that the slippage between top-and-seat angles and beam flange, web angle and beam web led to a notable pinching effect, in addition, the ability of the energy dissipation was significantly reduced. The effect of anchored beams on the behavior of the joints was limited due to premature failure in concrete, the concrete slab that closes to the column flange and upper flange of beam plays an significant role when the joint subjected to the sagging moment. It is demonstrated that the ductility of the joints was significantly improved by the staggered bolts and welded longitudinal reinforcement bars.

Key Words
composite joints; beam-to-column connection; top and seat angles; seismic behavior

Address
Peng Wang: School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Zhan Wang and Jianrong Pan: School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Bin Li and Bo Wang: School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China



Abstract
This study examines the wave propagation of the functionally graded polymer composite (FG-PC) nanoplates reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) resting on elastic foundations in the framework of the nonlocal strain gradient theory incorporating both stiffness hardening and softening mechanisms of nanostructures. To this end, the material properties are based on the Halpin-Tsai model, and the expressions for the classical and higher-order stresses and strains are consistently derived employing the second-order shear deformation theory. The equations of motion are then consistently derived using Hamilton\'s principle of variation. These governing equations are solved with the help of Trial function method. Extensive numerical discussions are conducted for wave propagation of the nanoplates and the influences of different parameters, such as the nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, weight fraction of GNPs, uniform and non-uniform distributions of GNPs, elastic foundation parameters as well as wave number.

Key Words
wave propagation; nanocomposites; graphene nanoplatelet; Kerr foundation; second-order shear deformation theory

Address
Gui-Lin She: College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Abstract
In this paper, free vibration finite element analysis of axially moving laminated composite beams subjected to axial tension is studied. It is assumed that the beam has a constant axial velocity and is subject to uniform axial tension. The analysis is based on higher-order theories that have been presented by Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). In the CUF technique, the three dimensional (3D) displacement fields are expressed as the approximation of the arbitrary order of the displacement unknowns over the cross-section. This higher-order expansion is considered in equivalent single layer (ESL) model. The governing equations of motion are obtained via Hamilton\' s principle. Finally, several numerical examples are presented and the effect of the ply-angle, travelling speed and axial tension on the natural frequencies and beam stability are demonstrated.

Key Words
axially moving; laminated composite beams; critical speeds; free vibration; finite element method; refined beam theory; carrera unified formulation

Address
Behnam Daraei, Saeed Shojaee and Saleh Hamzehei-Javaran: Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract
The present paper investigates the simultaneous resonance behavior of spiral stiffened multilayer functionally graded (SSMFG) cylindrical shells with internal and external functionally graded stiffeners under the two-term large amplitude excitations. The structure is embedded within a generalized nonlinear viscoelastic foundation which is composed of a two-parameter Winkler-Pasternak foundation augmented by a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model with a nonlinear cubic stiffness. The cylindrical shell has three layers consist of ceramic, FGM, and metal. The exterior layer of the cylindrical shell is rich ceramic while the interior layer is rich metal and the functionally graded material layer is located between these layers. With regard to classical shells theory, von-Kármán equation, and Hook law, the relations of stress-strain are derived for shell and stiffeners. The spiral stiffeners of the cylindrical shell are modeled according to the smeared stiffener technique. According to the Galerkin method, the discretized motion equation is obtained. The simultaneous resonance is obtained using the multiple scales method. Finally, the influences of different material and geometrical parameters on the system resonances are investigated comprehensively.

Key Words
nonlinear vibrations; simultaneous resonance; spiral stiffened FG cylindrical shell; multiple scales method; nonlinear viscoelastic foundation; two-term excitation

Address
Kamran Foroutana and Habib Ahmadi: Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

Abstract
This paper introduces a new composite joint, which is the composite CFST beam- concrete column joint, and it is more convenient for transportation and erection than conventionally welded joints. The main components of this joint include steel H-beams welded with CFST beams, reinforced concrete columns, and reinforced concrete slabs. The steel H-beams and CFST beams are connected with a concrete slab using shear connectors to ensure composite action between them. An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the proposed composite joint performance. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model was developed and analyzed for this joint using the ABAQUS/explicit. The FE model accuracy was validated by comparing its results with the relevant test results. Additionally, the parameters that consisted of the steel box beam thickness, concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, and reinforcement ratio in the concrete slab were considered to investigate their influence on the proposed joint performance.

Key Words
concrete-filled steel tubular; composite joints; finite element model; ABAQUS/explicit

Address
Seung-Eock Kim and Ji-Hun Choi: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
Thai-Hoan Pham: Department of Concrete Structures, National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong, Hanoi, Vietnam
Viet-Hung Truong: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
Zhengyi Kong: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma

Abstract
Steel plate shear walls are recently used as efficient seismic lateral resisting systems. These lateral resistant structures are implemented to provide more strength, stiffness and ductility in limited space areas. In this study, the seismic behavior of the multi-story steel frames with steel plate shear walls are investigated for buildings with 4, 8, 12 and 16 stories using verified computational modeling platforms. Different number of steel moment bays with distinctive lengths are investigated to effectively determine the deflection amplification factor for low-rise and high-rise structures. Results showed that the dissipated energy in moment frames with steel plates are significantly related to the inside panel. It is shown that more than 50% of the dissipated energy under various ground motions is dissipated by the panel itself, and increasing the steel plate length leads to higher energy dissipation capability. The deflection amplification factor is studied in details for various verified parametric cases, and it is concluded that for a typical multi-story moment frame with steel plate shear walls, the amplification factor is 4.93 which is less than the recommended conservative values in the design codes. It is shown that the deflection amplification factor decreases if the height of the building increases, for which the frames with more than six stories would have less recommended deflection amplification factor. In addition, increasing the number of bays or decreasing the steel plate shear wall length leads to a reduction of the deflection amplification factor.

Key Words
steel plate shear wall; deflection amplification factor (cd); moment frame; multi-story buildings; hysteretic behavior

Address
Iman Mansouri: Department of Civil Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran;
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
Ali Arabzadeh: Department of Civil Engineering, Higher Education Complex of Hormozan, Birjand, Iran
Alireza Farzampour: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
Jong Wan Hu: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea;
Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea



Abstract
This article deals with the dynamic analysis in pad concrete foundation containing Silica nanoparticles (SiO2) subject to seismic load. In order to control the foundation smartly, a piezoelectric layer covered the foundation. The weight of the building by a column on the foundation is assumed with an external force in the middle of the structure. The foundation is located in soil medium which is modeled by spring elements. The Mori-Tanaka law is utilized for calculating the equivalent mechanical characteristics of the concrete foundation. The Kevin-Voigt model is adopted to take into account the structural damping. The concrete structure is modeled by a thick plate and the governing equations are deduced using Hamilton\'s principle under the assumption of higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The differential quadrature method (DQM) and the Newmark method are applied to obtain the seismic response. The effects of the applied voltage to the smart layer, agglomeration and volume percent of SiO2 nanoparticles, damping of the structure, geometrical parameters and soil medium of the structure are assessed on the dynamic response. It has been demonstrated by the numerical results that by applying a negative voltage, the dynamic deflection is reduced significantly. Moreover, silica nanoparticles reduce the dynamic deflection of the concrete foundation.

Key Words
pad concrete foundation; dynamic defection; piezoelectric layer; soil medium; numerical method

Address
Reza Taherifar and Seyed Alireza Zareei: Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Mahmood Rabani Bidgoli: Department of Civil Engineering, Jasb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jasb, Iran
Reza Kolahchi: Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam


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