Abstract
Silicene, a 2D allotrope of silicon, is predicted to be a potential material for future transistor that might be compatible with present silicon fabrication technology. Similar to graphene, silicene exhibits the honeycomb lattice structure. Consequently, silicene is a semimetallic material, preventing its application as a field-effect transistor. Therefore, this work proposes the uniform doping bandgap engineering technique to obtain the n-type silicene nanosheet. By applying nearest neighbour tight-binding approach and parabolic band assumption, the analytical modelling equations for band structure, density of states, electrons and holes concentrations, intrinsic electrons velocity, and ideal ballistic current transport characteristics are computed. All simulations are done by using MATLAB. The results show that a bandgap of 0.66 eV has been induced in uniformly doped silicene with phosphorus (PSi3NW) in the zigzag direction. Moreover, the relationships between intrinsic velocity to different temperatures and carrier concentration are further studied in this paper. The results show that the ballistic carrier velocity of PSi3NW is independent on temperature within the degenerate regime. In addition, an ideal room temperature subthreshold swing of 60 mV/dec is extracted from ballistic current-voltage transfer characteristics. In conclusion, the PSi3NW is a potential nanomaterial for future electronics applications, particularly in the digital switching applications.
Key Words
doped silicon; bandgap engineering; 2D material; nanoelectronics; ballistic current transport
Address
W. Chuan, J.Y. Lau, K.L. Wong, A. Hamzah, N.E. Alias, C.S. Lim and M.L.P Tan: School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Abstract
This paper examines the thermal post-buckling behaviors of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composite (GRMMC) laminated cylindrical panels which possess in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) and rest on an elastic foundation. A panel consists of GRMMC layers of piece-wise varying graphene volume fractions to obtain functionally graded (FG) patterns. Based on the MD simulation results, the GRMMCs exhibit in-plane NPR as well as temperature-dependent material properties. The governing equations for the thermal post-buckling of panels are based on the Reddy's third order shear deformation shell theory. The von Kármán nonlinear strain-displacement relationship and the elastic foundation are also included. The nonlinear partial differential equations for GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels are solved by means of a singular perturbation technique in associate with a two-step perturbation approach and in the solution process the boundary layer effect is considered. The results of numerical investigations reveal that the thermal post-buckling strength for (0/90)5T GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels can be enhanced with an FG-X pattern. The thermal post-buckling load-deflection curve of 6-layer (0/90/0)S and (0/90)3T panels of FG-X pattern are higher than those of 10-layer (0/90/0/90/0)S and (0/90)5T panels of FG-X pattern.
Key Words
auxetic materials; temperature-dependent; functionally graded; cylindrical panels; thermal post-buckling; elastic foundation
Address
Hui-Shen Shen: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China/ School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
Y. Xiang: School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Abstract
In this article, an analytically and numerically 3D nanoliquid flow by a porous rotatable disk is presented in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. The mathematical model in the form of partial differential system is transmuted into dimensionless form by utilizing the appropriate transformation. The homotopy analysis approach is applied to attain the analytic solution of the problem. The effect of promising parameters on velocity distribution, temperature profile, nanoparticles volume fraction and motile microorganism distribution field are evaluated through graphs and in tabular form. The existence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis impacts are more proficient for heat transfer enhancement. Further the unique features like heat absorption/generation and energy activation are also examined for the present flow problem. The obtained results are compared with the earliear investigation to check the accuracy of present model.
Key Words
nanoparticles; rotating disk; Arrhenius energy activation; bio-convection; MHD; HAM
Address
Humaira Sharif, Muhammad Nawaz Naeem and Muzamal Hussain: Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Mohamed A. Khadimallah: Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, BP 655, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia/ Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
S.R. Mahmoud: GRC Department, Faculty of Applied studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
K.S.Al-Basyouni: Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Abdelouahed Tounsi: YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ 7Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Flexoelectricity is an interesting materials' property that is more touchable in small scales. This property beside the sandwich structures placed in the center of scientists' attention due to their extraordinary effects on the mechanical properties. Furthermore, in the passage of decades, more elaborated sandwich structures took into consideration results from using honeycomb core. This kind of structure, inspiring from honeycomb core, provides more stiffness to weight ratio, which plays a crucial role in different industries. In this paper, based on the Love-Kirchhoff's hypothesis, Hamilton's principle, modified couple stress theory and Fourier series analytical method, equations of motion for a sandwich plate containing a honeycomb core integrated by two face-sheets have derived and solved analytically. The equations of both face sheets have derived by flexoelectricity consideration. Moreover, it should be noticed that the whole structure rests on the visco-Pasternak foundation. Conducting current research provided an acceptable and throughout study based on flexoelectricity to address the effect of materials' characteristics, length-scale parameter, aspect, and thickness ratios and boundary conditions on the natural frequency of honeycomb sandwich plates. Also, based on the presented figures and tables, there is a close agreement between previous studies and recent work. Due to the high ratio of strength to weight, current model analyzing is capable of taking into account for different vehicles' manufacturing in a high range of industries.
Key Words
flexoelectricity; vibration analysis; sandwich plates; honeycomb core; modified couple stress theory
Address
Zeinab Soleimani-Javid, Ehsan Arshid and Saeed Amir: Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
Mohammad Khorasani: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
Abdelouahed Tounsi: Yonsei Frontier Laboratory, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Infection is one of the major mortality causes throughout the globe. Nuclear medicine plays an important role in diagnosis of deep infections such as osteomyelitis, arthritis infection, heart valve and heart prosthesis infections. Techniques such as labeled leukocytes are sensitive and selective for tracking the inflammations but they are not suitable for differentiating infection from inflammation. Anionic linear-globular dendrimer-G2 was synthesized then conjugation to gemifloxacin antibiotic. The structures were identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, C-NMR, LC-MS and DLS. The toxicity of gemifloxacin and dendrimer-gemifloxacin complex was compared by MTT test. Dendrimer-G2-gemifloxacin was labeled by Technetium-99m and its in-vitro stability and radiochemical purity were investigated. In-vivo biodistribution and SPECT imaging were studied in a rabbit model. Identify and verify the structure of the each object was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, C-NMR and LC-MS, also, the size and charge of this compound were 128 nm and -3/68 mv respectively. MTT test showed less toxicity of the dendrimer-G2-gemifloxacin than free gemifluxacin (P < 0.001). Radiochemical yield was > %98. Human serum stability was 84% up to 24 h. Biodistribution study at 50 min, 24 and 48 h showed that the complex is significantly absorbed by the intestine and accumulation in the lungs and affects them, finally excreted through the kidneys, biodistribution results are consistent with results from full image means of SPECT/CT technique.
Key Words
Technetium-99m; gemifloxacin; labeling; biodistribution; dendrimer-G2
Address
Naser Mohtavinejad: Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shaya Dolatshahi: Pharm, D. Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Massoud Amanlou and Mehdi Asadi: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani: Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ali Pormohammad:Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
In the framework of the density functional theory combined with the method of non-equilibrium Green functions (DFT + NEGF), the electric transport properties of a one-dimensional nanodevice consisting of telescoping polyprismanes with various types of electrical conductivity were studied. Its transmission spectra, density of state, current-voltage characteristic, and differential conductivity are determined. It was shown that C(14,17), C(14,11), C(14,16), C(14,10) show a metallic nature, and polyprismanes C(14,5), C(14,4) possess semiconductor properties and has a band gap of 0.4 eV and 0.6 eV, respectively. It was found that, when metal C(14,11), C(14,10) and semiconductor C(14,5), C(14,4) polyprismanes are coaxially connected, a Schottky barrier is formed and a weak diode effect is observed, i.e., manifested valve (rectifying) property of telescoping polyprismanes. The enhancement of this effect occurs in the nanodevices C(14,17) – C(14,11) – C(14,5) and C(14,16) – C(14,10) – C(14,4), which have the properties of nanodiode and back nanodiode, respectively. The simulation results can be useful in creating promising active one-dimensional elements of nanoelectronics.
Key Words
polyprisman; Schottky nanodiode; electron transport; current-voltage characteristic; differential conductivity
Address
(1)Department of Physics, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, 34A Moldagulova avenue, 030000 Aktobe, Kazakhstan
(2)Department of Radio Electronics, T. Begeldinov Aktobe Avation Institute, 39 Moldagulova avenue, 030012 Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Abstract
Graphene Nanosheets play an important role in nanosensors due to their proper surface to volume ratio. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to consider the nonlinear vibration behavior of graphene nanosheets (GSs) under the influence of electromagnetic fields and electrical current create forces. Considering more realistic assumptions, new equations have been proposed to study the nonlinear vibration behavior of the GSs carrying electrical current and placed in magnetic field. For this purpose, considering the influences of the magnetic tractions created by electrical and eddy currents, new relationships for electromagnetic interaction forces with these nanosheets have been proposed. Nonlinear coupled equations are discretized by Galerkin method, and then solved via Runge–Kutta method. The effect of different parameters such as size effect, electrical current magnitude and magnetic field intensity on the vibration characteristics of GSs is investigated. The results show that the magnetic field increases the linear natural frequency, and decreases the nonlinear natural frequency of the GSs. Excessive increase of the magnetic field causes instability in the GSs.
Key Words
Graphene nanosheets; vibration analysis; nonlinear frequency; magnetic traction; electric and eddy currents
Address
Tayyeb Pourreza, Vahid A. Maleki and Admin Kazemi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, Iran
Vahid A. Maleki: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, Iran/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
This article focused on studying the buckling behavior of two-dimensional functionally graded (2D-FG) nanosize tubes, including porosity based on first shear deformation and higher-order theory of tube. The nano-scale tube is simulated based on the nonlocal gradient strain theory, and the general equations and boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton's principle for the Zhang-Fu's tube model (as higher-order theory) and Timoshenko beam theory. Finally, the derived equations are solved using a numerical method for both simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions. The parametric study is performed to study the effects of different parameters such as axial and radial FG power indexes, porosity parameter, nonlocal gradient strain parameters on the buckling behavior of di-dimensional functionally graded porous tube.
Key Words
nonlocal strain gradient theory; buckling; Zhang-Fu's tube model; Timoshenko theory; two-dimensional functionally graded materials; nanotubes; higher-order theory
Address
Haiquan Wang: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Environmental College, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
Yousef Zandi and Morteza Gholizadeh: Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran